David stewaet



PATENTED JAN. 26, 1904 D. STEWART. NUT OR PIPE WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED HA1. 3, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

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Patented January 26, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID STEWART, OF GOVAN, SCOTLAND.

NUT OR PIPE WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 750,727, dated January26, 1904.

Application filed March 3, 1903.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DAVID STEWART, a citizen of the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at 27 Thompson street, (Jrovan,county of Lanark, Scotland, temporarily sojourning in the United Statesof America,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Nut orPipe Wrenches, of which the following is a specification, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

The object of my invention is to provide a nut or pipe wrench of therocking-jaw type of a simple and cheap form of construction, so made asto be of light weight and with a great variability of jaw width, yet ofexceeding compactness and easily and quickly changed as to jaw width byone hand.

To such ends my invention consists in substance of a slide bar forming ahandle provided at one end with a jaw-head usually corrugated to gripthe nut or pipe, a slide piece or sleeve sliding on the slide-bar, ajaw-piece having a jaw-head similarto the jaw-head of the slide-barpivoted to the slide piece or sleeve, a handle-piece fitting over thetang of the slide-bar provided with spring-prongs abutting'against thefront and rear edges of such tang and grooved or slotted on the innersides to receive the edges of such tang, which handle-piece is providedat the upper or head end with two side prongs, the upper of which isslotted, an end thimble secured on the extreme end of the tang and endprongs of the handle-piece, so as to force the prongs against the tang,a grip-piece, of wood or similar material, secured in position uponeither side of the handle-piece by the fitting of the handlepiece bossor enlargement and the end thimble over the ends thereof, ascrew-threaded passage through the slide-bar forming a continuation of ascrew passage formed by abutting grooves on the slide-bar and jaw-piece,an adjusting-screw working in the threaded passage of the slide-piecehaving a thumb-nut lying between the side prongs of the handle-piece,two cheeks forming extensions of the slide-bar handle-jaw extendingbackward one on either side of the jaw-piece to prevent side motionthereof, a dog reciprocating in and out of a Serial No. 145,938. E0model.)

recess formed in the rear side of the jaw-head of the slide-bar, the endof which is of the same shape and fits in the groove formed in the inneredge of the pivoted jaw piece, and a spring for continuously forcing thedog against the jaw-piece, although it is not to be understood that theinvention is necessarily limited to a device comprising at once all ofthe elements before enumerated, as the same consists in the particularconstruction of certain devices and parts, and the particularconstruction, combination and arrangement of certain devices and parts,all as hereinafter more particularly set forth in the specification, andpointed out in the claims.

My said invention is fully set forth in the following specification, ofwhich the accompanying drawings form a part, wherein similar numerals ofreference designate like or equivalent parts wherever found throughoutthe several views, and in which Figure l is a side View of my improvedwrench, and Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1, taken in partiallongitudinal section thereof, the grip-piece of the handle being whollyremoved. Fig. 3 is a view of such wrench, taken in cross-section on theline w a: of Fig. 2 looking from the top. Fig. 4 is a side, and Fig. 5 atop, View in-detail of the handle-piece removed from the slide-bar,while Fig. 6 is a View thereof in cross-section on the line 0) o ofFigs. 1 and 2. Fig. 7 is a view in longi tudinal section of the handleportion of the wrench, taken on the line y y of Fig. 1 and looking inthe direction of the arrow.

Referring to the drawings, the reference-numeral 11 designates aslide-bar provided at the bottom with a tang 12 and at the top with anenlarged jaw-head 13, usually provided with the serrations orteeth 14 inorder to better grip the nut or pipe.

Securedupon the tang portion 12 of the bar is a metallic handle-piece 15of the shape shown, having at the upper end the enlarged portion or boss16, through which, by way of the passage 16, the tang 12 is passed. Suchhandle-piece 15 has side spring-prongs 17, provided at the bottom withchamfers to receive the end thimlole 18 and grooved on the inner edges,as shown at 19, to fit over the edges of the tang, the tang and prong 17be ing covered on each side by a grip-piece 20, usually of wood,chamfered at the upper end, as shown at 21 in Fig. 7, so as to fit intoa recess formed in the boss 16 and at the lower end so as to be coveredby the thimble 18, which is usually secured in place by a rivetpin 22,the grip-pieces each having a central projecting portion (not shown)gripped by the sharp corners of the spring-prongs 1 when the same areforced into position by the driving on them of the conical end thimble18. The handle-piece 15 is provided with a thtunb-nut slot 23, formed byan upper prong 24 and a usually somewhat shorter lower prong 25,extending outward from the boss 16 at right angles to the spring-prongs17, and the upper prong 24 is provided with a central slot 26 to permitof the insertion and removal of the adjusting-screw 27, which carriesthe milled thumb-nut 28, which rotates easily in the thumb-nut slot 23and the rear of which extends into an extension of the groove 45, asshown in Fig. 2. Usually the rear of the slot 26 of the upper prong 24is backed by a curved wall 10, as shown in full lines in Fig. 3 and indotted lines in Fig. 4, the thumb-nut 28 passing at the'rear edge undersuch wall 10, so as to lie in the slot 45 of the slide-bar.

Sliding easily up and down the slide-bar 11 is a slide piece or sleeve30, provided for the sake of lightness at the front with the cut-outportion 31 and having the rear side wall of its slideway 32 rounded, soas to fit into the similarly-shaped groove 45 in the rear edge of theslide-bar, all as shown at 33 in Fig. 3.

Pivoted to the rear of the slide-piece is the rocking aw-piece 34, andthe pivot-point upon wluch 1t rocks consists of a pin or bolt 35,secured in place by being upset at the ends in the conical or flaringouter portions of the hole provided therefor in the wing portions 37 atthe bottom end of such jaw-piece 34, or such pin instead of being upsetafter assembling may have merely had its side groove drilled and tappedwhen in position, and when the parts are assembled it will be held inplace by the adjusting-screw 27.

The jaw-piece 34 is provided at the top with a jaw-head 36, similar tothe head 13 of the slide-bar and like it provided with serrations orteeth 14.

As shown in Fig. 1, the pivot pin or bolt 35 passes through two sidewings 37, the

rounded forward ends of which fit into similarly-shaped sockets in theslide-piece 30, the

rocking movement of the jaw-piece on its pivot-pin being limited by thecontact of the square rear bottom portion 38 thereof with the flat upperface of the rear bottom shelf 39 of the slide-piece when moved in theloosening 01' non-working direction and by the meeting of the abuttingflat faces 42 and 43 of the slide piece or sleeve and jaw-piece whenmoved in the working direction, so as to grip the nut or pipe.

Passing through the central portion of the slide-piece 30 parallel withthe slideway 32 is a threaded adjusting-screw hole 40, in which restsand rotates, so as to slide such slide-piece up and down upon theslide-bar 11, the adjusting-screw 27, such passage or screw-hole usuallycutting through the side of the pivot pin or bolt 35, as shown at 35 inFig. 2, to secure greater compactness, and, as the main portion of thestrain when the wrench is operated comes not on such bolt 35, but on theabutting square surfaces 42 and 43, this cutting half in two of suchbolt does not weaken the working mechanism, while it does decrease theweight and prevents any rotation and consequent working out of suchbolt.

The slide-bar is provided on its rear edge with a longitudinal roundedgroove 45 and the jaw-piece 34, being provided on its front or abuttingedge with a similar groove 44 when the parts are assembled, as shown inFigs. 1 and 2. Such grooves form a cylindrical chamber or cavity, inwhich rests the adj usting-screw 27, which is by this constructionprotected from dirt and injury, while at the same time great compactnessis secured.

On the rear end of the head 13 of the slidebar 11, on either side andextending rear-' wardly therefrom over the jaw-piece 34, so as toinclose the same between them with a contact barely close enough topermit of free front and rear vibratory movement of such jaw-piece uponthe pin 35, are side lugs 46, which serve to take up the larger portionof any twisting or side strain that may be brought upon the jaw-piece,and formed in the rear of the head 13, between the side lugs 46, is acavity 47, in which reciprocates in and out the jaw-piece dog 48, whichis rounded at the outer edge, so that the same will fit into and slideeasily up and down in the groove 44 of the jaw-piece 34, the ofiice ofthis dog being to normally force the jaw-piece rearward to the limit ofits vibratory movement into the open position, it being for such purposepressed outward from the cavity 47 by a coilspring 49. Such dog may beof any desired shape, but is usually of the one shown, the end thereofresting in the groove 44. The same serves to relieve the side lugs 46from a portion of the strain brought thereon.

In order to more securely fasten the parts together, a pin 50 is alsousually driven through the head 16 of the handle-piece 15 and throughthe lower end of the slide-bar immediately above the tang, which endextends down into such head a short distance to give greater strength,the parts at this point fitting together with a tight driving joint.

In order to assemble the various parts comprising my improved wrench,the spring 49 and jaw-piece dog 48 are first inserted in the cavity 47of the slide-bar 11, and the slide piece or sleeve having been placed inposition upon such slide-bar 11 the jaw-piece 34 is placed in positionupon the rear central fin 54: of such slide piece or sleeve 30 and thepivot-pin passed through both, care being taken that the central slot 35of such pivot pin or bolt is in registry with the threaded passage orscrew-hole of such slide piece or sleeve, and when in such position theends of such bolt are usually slightly upset, but not sufficient toprevent of free vibratory movement thereon of the jaw-piece. Theadjusting-screw 27 is then placed in position by passing the same intothe open end of the slot 26 in the upper prong 24 of the head 16 of thehandle-piece 15, so that the thumb-nut 28 will rest in the thumb-nutslot 26. The end of the tang 12 of the slide-bar 11 is then passed intothe head 16 of the handle-piece l5 and the adjusting-screw 27 by turningthe thumbnut 28 screwed into the slide-piece 30 as far as it will go,and the tang 12 is usually provided with an extension of the slot orgroove 45, as shown in dotted lines at 55 in Fig. 2, in order to permitof free passage of the tang into the handle-piece by the thumb-nut, therear of such thumb-nut resting in such slot or groove when in the finalposition. The bandle-piece 15 is then driven fully home upon theslide-bar 11 and the pin driven through such bar and head 16. The upperchamfered ends 21 of the grip-pieces 20 having been inserted in therecesses 50, formed in the head 16, the end thimble 18 is then driventightly upon the like chamfered ends 53 of such grippieces and upon thetang 12 of the slide-bar 11 and firmly secured in position by the pin22, when the device will be ready for use in the manner of adjustablewrenches, which mode of operation is self-evident.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a wrench, a slide-bar, a slide piece or sleeve sliding on theslide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide piece or sleeve, anadjusting-screw working in a thread in the slide piece or sleeve andlying in the space between the slide-bar and the jaw-piece, and meanscarried by the slide-bar for preventing movement of the adjusting-screwrelative thereto.

2. In a wrench, a slide-bar, a slide piece or sleeve sliding on theslide-bar, a jaw-piece carried by the slide piece or sleeve, anadjustjaw-piece and slide-bar being each provided with abutting groovededges, which when in position form a cylindrical cavity for thereception of the adjusting-screw.

4. In a wrench a slide-bar having a jaw head, a slide piece or sleevesliding on the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide piece orsleeve, an adjusting-screw working in a thread in the slide piece orsleeve and lying in the space between the slide-bar and the jawpiece,and means carried by the slide-bar for preventing movement of theadjusting-screw relative thereto.

5. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevesliding on the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide piece orsleeve, an adjusting-screw working in a thread in the slide piece orsleeve and lying in the space between the slide-bar and the jaw-piece,the jaw-piece and slide-bar being each provided with abutting groovededges which when in position form a cylindrical cavity for the receptionof the adjusting-screw.

6. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevesliding on the slide-bar, a jaw-piece carried by the slide piece orsleeve, an adjusting-screw working in a thread in the slide piece orsleeve and lying in the space between the slide-bar and the jawpiece,the jaw-piece and slide-bar being each provided with abutting groovededges which when in position form a cylindrical cavity for the receptionof the adjusting-screw.

7. A wrench having a slide-bar provided with a jaw-head having an outerclutching-surface, a second jaw-head having an inner clutching-surfaceadapted to coact with the outer clutching-surface of the slide-barjaw-head to form a nut or pipe engaging jaw between them, a pivotedconnection securing the second jaw-head to the slide-bar in such mannerthat the same may be reciprocated on the slide-bar so as to open orclose the jaw, such pivoted connection being always located entirelybelow the working face of the slidebar jaw-head, and an adjusting malescrew reciprocating the second and pivoted jaw-head, located between thepivotal connection and the slide-bar.

8. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevesliding on the slide-bar, a central fin formed on the rear side of theslide piece or sleeve flanked on either side by a recess rounded at theforward end, a j aw-piece having a jaw-head adapted to coact with thejaw-head of the slide-bar provided at the bottom with side wings fittinginto the recesses of the slide piece or sleeve so as to rock slightlytherein, a pivot-pin securing the jaw-piece to the slide piece orsleeve, and means for adjusting the slide-piece upon the slide-bar.

9. In a wrench a slide-bar having a jaw,- head, a slide piece or sleevesliding on the slide-bar having a central fin on the rear side &

flanked by recesses rounded at the forwarded ends and havingsubstantially straight upper and lower Walls at the rear open sidesthereof, a jaw-piece having a jaw-head adapted to coact with thejaw-head of the slide-bar provided at the bottom with side wings orextensions adapted to fit into the recesses of the slide piece orsleeve, a pivot-pin passing through the side wings of the jaw-piece andthrough the fin of the slide piece or sleeve, and means for adjustingthe slide piece or sleeve upon the slide-bar, the construction beingsuch that when strain is brought upon the Wrench the same is broughtmainly upon the side wings of the jaw-piece and the walls of therecesses in the slide-piece rather than upon the pivot-pin.

10. A wrench having a slide-bar provided with a jaw-head, a pivotedjaw-piece having a coacting head adapted to be reciprocated along theslide-bar, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw-pieceupon its pivot, and an adjusting-screw lying between the slide-bar andthe jaw-piece.

11. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a tang at one end and a jaw-head atthe other and provided with a groove in the inner edge thereof extendingfrom end to end, a slide piece or sleeve reciprocating on the slide-bar,a jaw-piece pivoted at the bottom to the slide piece or sleeve, ahandle-piece having at one side of the upper end a thumb-nut recess thetop prong of which is slotted to receive the adjusting-screw, and anadjusting-screw the actuating thumb-nut of which lies between the sideprongs of the handle and the rear side of which rests in the groove onthe edge of the slide-bar.

12. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a tang at one end and a jaw-head atthe other, and provided with a groove in the inner edge thereofextending from end to end, a slide piece or sleeve reciprocating on theslide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted at the bottom to the slide piece orsleeve, a handle-piece having at one side of the upper end a thumb-nutrecess the top prong of which is slotted to receive the adjusting-screw,and an adjusting-screw the actuating thumb-nut of which lies between theside prongs of the handle and the rear side of which rests in the grooveon the edge of the slide-bar, the adjusting-screw extending and lyingbetween the slide-bar and movable jaw-piece.

13. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a tang at one end and a jaw-head atthe other and provided with a groove in the inner edge thereof extendingfrom end to end, a slide piece or sleeve reciprocating on the slide-bar,a jaw-piece pivoted at the bottom to the slide piece or sleeve, ahandle-piece having at one side of the upper end a thumb-nut recess thetop prong of which is slotted to receive the adjusting-screw and anadjusting-screw the actuating thumb-nut of which lies between the sideprongs of the handle and the rear side of which rests in the groove onthe edge of the slide-bar, the adjusting-screw extending and lyingbetween the slide-bar and movable piece or sleeve, means for limitingthe vibra-' tory movement of the jaw-piece upon the pivot and aspring-dog located in the slide-bar the end of which rests in a grooveon the inner edges of the jaw-piece so as to normally force the jaw intothe open position.

15. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw-pieceupon the pivot, a spring-dog located in the slide-bar adjacent to thejaw-piece the end of which rests in a groove on the inner edges of thejaw-piece and side wing-pieces carried by the jaw-head of the slide-barextending rearward over the jaw-piece.

16. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibra-' tory movement of the jaw pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand the jaw-piece, and a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end ofwhich rests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece.

17. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jaw head, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand the jaw-piece, a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end ofwhich rests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece, and sidewingpieces carried by the jaw-head of the slide-bar extending rearwardover the jawpiece.

18. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, aslide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand jaw-piece, and a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end ofwhich rests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece, thepivot-pin securing the slide piece or sleeve and the jawpiece togetherhaving a groove at one side to register with the threaded orifice of theslide piece or sleeve to permit the passage by the same of theadjusting-screw.

19. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw-pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand jawpiece, a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end of whichrests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece, and sidewing-pieces carried by the jaw-head of the slide-bar extending rearwardover the jaw-piece, the pivotpin securing the slide piece or sleeve andthe jaw-piece together having a groove at one side to register with thethreaded orifice of the slide piece or sleeve to permit the passage bythe same of the adjusting-screw.

20. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, ajaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw-pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand jawpiece, and a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end of whichrests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece, the pivot-pinsecuring the slide piece or sleeve and the jaw-piece together having agroove at one side to register with the threaded orifice of the slidepiece or sleeve to permit the passage by the same of theadjusting-screw, the side slot or groove of the pivot-pin being threadedto allow the adjusting-screw to work therein and assist in holding thesame in position.

21. In a wrench, a slide-bar having a jawhead, a slide piece or sleevereciprocating upon the slide-bar, a jaw-piece pivoted to the slide pieceor sleeve, means for limiting the vibratory movement of the jaw-pieceupon the pivot, an adjusting-screw working in a threaded orifice in theslide piece or sleeve and extending into the space between the slide-barand jawpiece, a spring-dog located in the slide-bar the end of whichrests in a groove on the inner edges of the jaw-piece, and sidewing-pieces carried by the jaw-head of the slide-bar extending rearwardover the j aw-piece, the pivotpin securing the slide piece or sleeve andthe j aw-piece together having a groove at one side to register with thethreaded orifice of the slide piece or sleeve to permit the passage bythe same of the adjusting-screw, the side slot or groove of thepivot-pin being threaded to allow the adjusting-screw to work thereinand assist in holding the same in position.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto afiixed my signature in thepresence of two witnesses.

DAVID STEWART.

Witnesses:

AARON WORTMAN, VEDDER MILMIT.

